Gopachal Parvat

More than a hundred Jain images were cut into the rock faces of the Gwalior hill during the Tomar period, the largest of them well over 10 metres tall.

The figures are not built and placed but excavated — carvers worked inward from the cliff, shaping niche, canopy and seated figure from a single mass of stone.

Several images were damaged in the 16th century and later partly restored, so the group reads as a record of both devotion and conflict.